These are fractals generated through an interative process. They are created by applying the same equation repeatedly to a complex number and observing the convergence of the iterative process. 

Two types shown are denoted as Mandelbrot type and Newton type fractals. 

In both cases an arbitrary color palette is chosen, a set of N colors, so that after the nth iteration the point is sufficiently large and is diverging then we assign the n mod N color to that point.